abstract：:Wound healing is a complex process with the considerable burden on healthcare system. There are several cellular therapy methods that have been introduced to treat different types of wounds. Despite the advantages of cellular therapy, it is needed to overcome different limitations of this method such as; tumorigenicit...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Goodarzi P,Larijani B,Alavi-Moghadam S,Tayanloo-Beik A,Mohamadi-Jahani F,Ranjbaran N,Payab M,Falahzadeh K,Mousavi M,Arjmand B

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed an approach termed '2D hybrid analysis' for building three-dimensional (3D) structures from electron microscopy (EM) images of biological molecules. The key advantage is that it is applicable to flexible molecules, which are difficult to analyze by the approach in which 3DEM maps are reconstructed. I...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Matsumoto A,Iwasaki K

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macromolecular crystallography has been central to the emergence and development of structural biology as a scientific discipline. Approximately 90% of the more than 138,000 three-dimensional structures currently available in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) archive, the single, global open access data resource for macromo...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Burley SK

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellulose is the most abundant carbohydrate on earth and hydrolyzed by cellulases in nature. During catalysis, cellulase transfers protons to and from the oxygen atoms of the glycosidic bond and a water molecule. Since cellulose is an insoluble polymer, some kinds of cellulases, with high activity toward crystalline c...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Nakamura A,Iino R

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells are one of the most promising donor cells for cell therapy against ischemic stroke, because they can differentiate into any type of cells constructing the central nervous system (CNS), including the neurons. They can easily be isolated from the bone marrow stro...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Kuroda S,Koh M,Hori E,Hayakawa Y,Akai T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular chaperones promote the correct folding of proteins in aggregation-prone cellular environments by stabilizing nascent polypeptide chains and providing appropriate folding conditions. Prefoldins (PFDs) are molecular chaperones found in archaea and eukaryotes, generally characterized by a unique jellyfish-like ...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Lim S,Glover DJ,Clark DS

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The antiviral mechanism of action of iminosugars against many enveloped viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), HIV, influenza and hepatitis C virus, is believed to be mediated by inducing misfolding of viral N-linked glycoproteins through inhibition of host endoplasmic reticulum-resident α-glucosidase enzymes. This l...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Miller JL,Tyrrell BE,Zitzmann N

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this chapter, we first briefly review the history of Zika virus (ZIKV) over the past 70 years since its discovery. We then focus on the ZIKV NS2B/NS3 protease, a major potential target for anti-ZIKV therapeutics. We describe the structure of the complex between Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease and a peptide boronic-aci...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Hilgenfeld R,Lei J,Zhang L

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the Golden Age of antibiotic discovery in the previous century, the rate of antibiotic discovery has plummeted during the past 50 years while the incidence of antimicrobial resistance is ever-increasing. Presently, humankind is forced to address a major public health threat in the form of multiple drug resis...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Bragg RR,Meyburgh CM,Lee JY,Coetzee M

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MerTK is required for photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, a diurnal function essential for vision maintenance. In vivo, MerTK is stimulated at the time of the phagocytic peak through an intracellular signaling pathway. However, MerTK ligands Gas6 and Protein S are ...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Nandrot EF

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurobiology in ascidians has made many advances. Ascidians have offered natural advantages to researchers, including fecundity, structural simplicity, invariant morphology, and fast and stereotyped developmental processes. The researchers have also accumulated on this animal a great deal of knowledge, genomic resourc...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Nishino A

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retbindin (Rtbdn) is a novel protein of unknown function found exclusively in the retina. Recently, our group has suggested, from in silico analysis of the peptide sequence and in vitro binding data, that Rtbdn could function to bind riboflavin (RF) and its derivatives flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mono...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Kelley RA,Al-Ubaidi MR,Naash MI

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ascidians possess relatively small and compact genomes. This feature enables us to easily isolate cis-regulatory DNAs of genes of interest. Particularly, cis-regulatory DNAs of genes showing tissue- or cell-type-specific expression are routinely used for the artificial induction of gene expression. This strategy helps...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Shimai K,Kusakabe TG

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) is the most common group of neurogenetic storage diseases typically beginning in childhood. The juvenile form (JNCL), also known as Batten disease, is the most common form. Vision-related problems are often an early sign, appearing prior to motor and mental deficits. We have previo...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Volz C,Mirza M,Langmann T,Jägle H

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans with mutations in the phototransduction pathway develop forms of retinal degeneration, such as retinitis pigmentosa, cone dystrophy, or Leber congenital amaurosis. Similarly, numerous phototransduction mutant animal models resemble retinal degeneration. In our lab, using a zebrafish model, we study cone-specifi...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Iribarne M,Masai I

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease with both environmental and genetic factors influencing disease risk. Genome-wide case-control association studies, candidate gene analyses, and epidemiological studies reinforced the notion that AMD is predominantly a disease of an impaired complement system...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Kiel C,Weber BHF,Grassmann F

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Purpose This study demonstrates a standardized approach to measuring retinal thickness (RT) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in commonly used animal models of disease and reports a normative data set for future use. Materials and Methods Twenty normal eyes of 4 adult animal models (5 rats, 5...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Carpenter CL,Kim AY,Kashani AH

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical success of gene replacement therapies in recent years has served as a proof of concept for the treatment of inherited retinal degenerations using adeno-associated virus (AAV) as viral vector. However, inherited retinal degenerative diseases showcase a broad genetic and mechanistic heterogeneity, challengi...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Fortuny C,Flannery JG

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：KEY POINTS:The beginning of the twenty-first century offered new advances in cancer research, including the expansion of the knowledge about the tumor microenvironment (TME). Because TMEs provide the niches in which cancer cells, fibroblast, lymphocyte, and immune cells reside, they play a key role in cancer cell devel...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Antonio MJ,Le A

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Opioid analgesics remain the most effective and widely used analgesics for the management of moderate to severe pain, including cancer pain and chronic non-cancer pain. However, the efficacy of long-term opioid analgesics is attenuated by tolerance and/or hyperalgesia after long-term use, preventing adequate pain reli...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Lin CP,Lu DH

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Merkel disc is a main type of tactile end organs for sensing gentle touch and is essential for sophisticated sensory tasks including social interaction, environmental exploration, and tactile discrimination. Recent studies have shown that Merkel cells are primary sites of mechanotransduction using Piezo2 channels ...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Gu JG

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-dimensional printing technique has been adapted for orthopedic surgery, and a patient-specific surgical guide (PSG) has been introduced as a convenient surgical instrument and implicated in the ideal positioning of the components, including acetabular and femoral components in total hip arthroplasty (THA). PSG i...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Sakai T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern computerized planning tools for periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) use either morphology-based or biomechanics-based methods. The latter rely on estimation of peak contact pressures and contact areas using either patient-specific or constant thickness cartilage models. We performed a finite element analysis investi...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Liu L,Siebenrock K,Nolte LP,Zheng G

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter intends to provide an overview of computer-assisted minimally invasive spine surgery (CAMISS) and its clinical application. Since minimally invasive spine surgery was first brought out, the concept of decreasing the damage to patient was soon become popular. However, without the proper surgical field, the...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tian W,Liu Y,Fan M,Zhao J,Jin P,Zeng C

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hematological malignancies (HM) are a heterogeneous group of life-threatening hematological diseases. The heterogeneity and clonal evolution of HM subpopulations are the main obstacles for precise diagnoses, risk stratification, and even targeted therapies. Standard bulk-sample genomic examinations average total mutat...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Shi M,Dong X,Huo L,Wei X,Wang F,Sun K

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The autoimmune retinopathies (AIRs) are a group of inflammatory-mediated retinopathies that present with unexplained visual loss (both central and peripheral), visual field defects, usually a ring scotoma, photoreceptor dysfunction as evident on electroretinography (ERG), and circulating autoantibodies against retinal...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tsang SH,Sharma T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gyrate atrophy is an autosomal recessive dystrophy in which night blindness starts early in the first decade of life. In the early stages, large areas of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choriocapillaris (CC) atrophy in the far periphery (lobular shape, Fig. 37.1). (In choroideremia, atrophy appears in the mid per...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tsang SH,Aycinena ARP,Sharma T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stargardt disease (STGD) is one of the most common macular dystrophies in young adults. It progresses slowly. Its prevalence is about 1:8000-10,000. Age of onset is a surrogate marker: The earlier the onset, the more severe the disease course. Onset usually occurs in childhood or early adolescence, at about 10-15 year...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tsang SH,Sharma T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pattern dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) include a group of disorders: Butterfly-type pattern dystrophy (Figs. 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4 and 17.5) Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy Sjögren's reticular-type pattern dystrophy Fundus pulverulentus. ...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tsang SH,Sharma T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The basic physical and functional unit of heredity; made up of DNA, they act as instructions to make proteins. There are about 20,000-25,000 genes in humans, with size varying from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. Most genes are the same in all people; less than 1% differ. Each person has two copi...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tsang SH,Sharma T

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the past decades, there has been increased awareness that mechanical properties of tissues and cells are closely associated with disease physiology and pathology. Recognizing this importance, Brillouin spectroscopy instrumentation, already utilized in physics and material science, has been adopted for cell and tiss...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Nikolić M,Conrad C,Zhang J,Scarcelli G

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A defining hallmark of cancer and cancer development is upregulated angiogenesis. The vasculature formed in tumors is structurally abnormal, not organized in the conventional hierarchical arrangement, and more permeable than normal vasculature. These features contribute to leaky, tortuous, and dilated blood vessels, w...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Zanotelli MR,Reinhart-King CA

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple strategies have been investigated to restore functional myocardium following injury or disease including the local administration of cytokines or chemokines, stem/progenitor cell therapy, mechanical circulatory support, pharmacologic use, and the use of inductive biomaterials. The use of xenogeneic biologic s...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Dziki JL,Badylak SF

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Erdosteine as a mucolytic agent that decreases mucus viscosity and facilitates mucus expulsion from the airways by cough or ciliary movement. Our objective was to determine whether erdosteine can directly contribute to mucus clearance. We addressed the issue by monitoring acute and chronic effects of erdosteine on cil...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Pappová L,Kazimierová I,Jošková M,Šutovská M,Fraňová S

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown significant benefit in cancer patients, but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), that can affect the gastrointestinal tract resulting in diarrhea and colitis. IrAEs range from mild self-limiting to severe life-threatening disease, which potentially l...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tian Y,Abu-Sbeih H,Wang Y

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Excessive consumption of alcohol is a leading cause of lifestyle-induced morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although long-term alcohol abuse has been shown to be detrimental to the liver, brain and many other organs, our understanding of the exact molecular mechanisms by which this occurs is still limited. In tissues,...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Marshall S,Chen Y,Singh S,Berrios-Carcamo P,Heit C,Apostolopoulos N,Golla JP,Thompson DC,Vasiliou V

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic alcohol misuse and progressed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) due to the metabolic syndrome and resulting to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are prime causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Western industrialized countries. The incidence of HCC in NASH-cirrhosis is lower than that of HCC occu...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Tiniakos DG,Maurício J,Reeves HL

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue engineering is an appealing research field that involves the replacement and repair of damaged cells and tissues. Scientists and researchers are facing a great challenge to design and develop suitable scaffold materials with biological activities for the applications in tissue regeneration. Among a variety of n...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Lu J,Wang X

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pioneered by the classical mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), various stem cell lines representing the peri- and postimplantation stages of embryogenesis have been established. To gain insight into the gene regulatory network operating in these cells, we first investigated epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), performing ChIP...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Kondoh H

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In normal and cancer cells, successful cell division requires accurate duplication of chromosomal DNA. All cells require a multiprotein DNA duplication system (replisomes) for their existence. However, death of normal cells in our body occurs through the apoptotic process. During apoptotic process several crucial gene...

journal_title：Advances in experimental medicine and biology

authors： Basu SC,Boyle P,Ma R,Agarwal A,Basu M,Moskal JR,Banerjee S,Tuteja N

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00